Fig. 2: Eukaryotic communities in the gut are diverse and impacted by micronutrient supplementation and place of residence.
a Phylogenetic tree representing eukaryotic taxa detected in children. Branches are colored by phylum, and bars represent the prevalences of OTUs in the cohort. Named organisms represent those detected in more than 5% of samples with a minimum of 100 reads. b Prevalences of protozoan (left), and specifically gregarine (middle) or coccidian (right) OTUs detected in children at 12 and 24 months of age. Prevalences are subdivided by nutritional group in bottom graphs, where shaded regions denote binned numbers of OTUs identified per sample. c Rarefaction curves comparing the mean protozoan and fungal species richness by age group, micronutrient supplementation, nutritional status, and place of residence (site). Shaded regions represent standard error. Dashed lines denote the read depth at which significance was tested. d Carriage of eukaryotic taxa significantly associated with micronutrient supplementation, place of residence (site), or nutritional status (n = 150). Significant pairwise differences among supplementation groups are indicated to the right (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns no significant difference) based on two-sided pairwise Fisher’s Exact tests and corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Exact p-values are provided in Supplementary Data 3. e Non-metric multidimensional scaling of sample dissimilarities (n = 105) based on protozoan composition, calculated using unweighted UniFrac scores. Samples are colored by the supplementation arm, and arrows indicate the direction of increasing carriage of taxa significantly correlated with the first two ordination axes. Arrow lengths are scaled by the root square (r2) of the correlation. Identified clusters are numbered 1 through 4. f Proportions of samples from the respective supplementation arms within each protozoan community cluster.
