Fig. 4: Polarization switching for 4I-CASS.
From: Biferroelectricity of a homochiral organic molecule in both solid crystal and liquid crystal phases
a Scheme of the molecular arrangement in SmC* phase for 4I-CASS. The enlarged area of the red circle shows the molecular orientation between the adjacent three layers. The blue ellipses represent the 4I-CASS molecules, and the distance d between the adjacent yellow disks represents the layer spacing. The red, blue, green, and black arrows represent the molecular orientation vector, layer polarization direction, the supposed two-fold axis and normal direction, respectively. The distance between layers A and B with same molecular orientation vector is the helix pitch (HP). b Scheme of spontaneous polarization under applied electric field. c, d Polarization−voltage loops in the SmC* phase (c) and phase I (d) for 4I-CASS, respectively.
