Fig. 2: Electrochemical analysis for 3D printed hydrogel and VCr-PBA.
From: Molecular magneto-ionic proton sensor in solid-state proton battery
a Schematic diagram of the 3D printed hydrogel for the magneto-ionic proton sensor. The UV light used has a wavelength of 385 nm and the control of image projection was achieved through a dynamic micromirror device. b SEM image for the PEGDA scaffold in the 3D printed hydrogel. c The plot of ln(σT) vs. 1000/T for VCr-PBA. σT = σ0 exp(-Ea/(kBT)). σ refers to proton conductivity. Ea is the activation energy. σ0 represents the pre-exponential factor, and kB represents the Boltzmann constant. d The specific capacity-dependent potential during protonation and deprotonation process for VCr-PBA under 0.36 A g−1 rate. Specific capacity=current × time/mass. e Nyquist plots for VCr-PBA at various protonation levels. Z’ is the real part and Z” is the imaginary part. Rs represents the high-frequency series resistor, Rct represents the charge-transfer resistance. CPE is the constant phase element that represents surface capacitance. f Cyclic voltammetry curve for VCr-PBA at 10, 50, and 100 mV s−1. Inset shows the protonation-induced change in the Raman spectra of VCr-PBA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
