Fig. 5: Evidence for increased autophagy in maize seedlings treated with validamycin A.

a Change in the expression of genes encoding ammonium (amt1, amt2, amt3, amt6, amt7, amt8, amt9) and nitrate (nrt5, npf5, idp5037) transporters in response to ValA treatment. b Change in the expression of genes encoding glutamine synthetase root isozymes (gln1,gln2,gln3,gln4,gln5, gln6) in response to ValA treatment. c Change in the expression of genes related to autophagy in response to ValA treatment. d Abundance of free ATG8 (upper band) and ATG8-PE conjugate (lower band) in the roots of one week old maize plants measured via immunoblot. Total protein loading control is shown in the lower panel. e Abundance of free ATG8 (upper band) and ATG8-PE conjugate (lower band) in the roots of three week old maize plants measured via immunoblot. The assays shown in panels d and e were repeated twice with consistent results. Biological replicates of panels d and e are shown in Supplementary Fig. 13. kDa = kiloDaltons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.