Fig. 2: Biomarkers for future disease onset across a spectrum of diseases.
From: Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK Biobank
a Total number of incident disease associations by biomarker at statistical significance level p < 5e-5. The disease outcomes were defined based on 3-character ICD-10 codes with 50 or more events from chapters A-N, with a total of 556 diseases tested for association. The colour coding indicates the proportion of associations coming from each ICD-10 chapter from A to N. b–e Twenty most significant associations for four biomarkers: b Glycoprotein acetyls, c Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids (PUFA/MUFA), d Alanine, and e Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). The forestplots highlight 20 of the most significant associations, arranged according to decreasing association magnitude. Data are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI), per SD-scaled biomarker concentrations. All models were adjusted for age, sex and UK biobank assessment centre, using age as the timescale of the Cox proportional hazards regression. Similar disease-wide association plots for all 249 biomarkers across all endpoints analysed are available in the biomarker-disease atlas webtool. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
