Fig. 7: Using CDK4/6 inhibitor and anti-PD-1 antibody triggers an active tumor immune microenvironment.

a–c RNA-sequencing of murine tumor specimens after receiving different treatments was performed and analyzed. a Heatmap of stimulatory Immunomodulators (IMs) and inhibitory IM in different treatment arms (n = 3 samples in each groups). b Murine Microenvironment Cell Population counter (mMCPcounter) analysis of immune cell infiltration level in different treatment arms (n = 3 samples in each groups). c Cell–cell interactions by calculating the scores of communication signatures in different cell types across different treatment arms (n = 2 samples in each groups). d Total CD8⁺ T cells relative to cells in tumor tissue (left), MFI of IFN-γ in CD8⁺ T cells (middle), and MFI of PD-1 in CD8⁺ T cells (right) from mice bearing LLC1-shLkb1 tumors receiving the indicated treatments. For CD8⁺ T cells, n = 8 samples in each group; **p = 0.0016, **p = 0.0025, ***p = 0.0003. For IFN-γ, n = 6 (vehicle), n = 8 (palbociclib), n = 7 (anti-PD-1 Ab), and n = 7 (combination), respectively; *p = 0.0165, **p = 0.0027, **p = 0.0099. For PD-1, n = 7 samples in each group; *p = 0.0422, **p = 0.0081. e Total NK cells relative to cells in tumor tissue (left, n = 7 samples in each group) and MFI of CD107a in NK cells (right, n = 7 in vehicle, n = 9 in palbociclib, n = 6 in anti-PD-1 Ab and n = 8 in combination group) from mice bearing LLC1-shLkb1 tumors receiving the indicated treatments. NK cells, *p = 0.019, **p = 0.0052. CD107a, *p = 0.0351. f MFI of ICAM1 in tumor cells (middle, n = 10) and MFI of PD-L1 in tumor cells (right, n = 10) from mice bearing LLC1/shLkb1 tumors receiving the indicated treatments. ICAM1, *p = 0.0119, **p = 0.0039. PD-L1, *p = 0.0399. (Results are presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to analyze the data. ns, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.).