Fig. 4: Direct dating of fossil teeth and luminescence dating of sediments.

a (i) Diffusion–Adsorption-Decay (DAD) results for TPL-73 and TPL-74 (respectively, TPL-01 and 02). Upper (from left to right) TPL-73 and (ii) lower TPL-74 with indication of LA-MC-ICPMS rasters position; ²³⁰Th^/238U diffusion relative to distance from center (at the enamel-dentine junction—EDJ), ²³⁴U/²³⁸U diffusion relative to distance from center, and U concentration relative to distance from center. b Summary of the US-ESR results for TPL-74. (i) Distribution of the Dose-response Curve (DRC); (ii) probabilistic distribution of the equivalent dose; (iii) diffusion pattern of U in the enamel and dentine over time; (iv) probabilistic distribution of TPL-74 ages. (v) Table summarizing the US-ESR parameters. (a) dose equivalent D_e obtained using McDoseE 2.0¹⁰¹; (b) uranium concentration values were obtained by LA-MC-ICPMS (dentine and enamel values are averaged); (c) parameters and ages were calculated using ref. ¹⁰³ and updated values from ref. ⁸⁹. c Luminescence data for sample TPLOSL 14, radial plots for (i) pIR-IRSL single-aliquot dating of feldspars (n = 13) and (ii) TPLOSL 15 pIR-IRSL polymineral fine-grained dating (n = 10). The error for each aliquot can be read on the x axis in relative error (%) or precision. d Luminescence data for sample TPLOSL 14, (i) pIR-IRSL shinedown curve and (ii) dose-response curve for pIR-IRSL single aliquot of feldspars. The points represent the mean value with an error as a s.d. of the fit (too small to see at this scale). The resulting D_e was 337 ± 32 Gy/ka, (iii) pIR-IRSL shinedown curve and (iv) dose-response curve for polymineral fine grains, the points represent the mean value with an error as a s.d. of the fit. The resulting D_e was 301 ± 14 Gy/ka. The counts were significantly lower for the decay of the polymineral fine grains resulting in larger errors on the dose-response curve, however both techniques produced coeval results within errors. Source data is provided as a source data file.