Fig. 7: Aminoadipic acid damages mitochondrial function by inhibiting mitophagy.
From: Augmented temperature fluctuation aggravates muscular atrophy through the gut microbiota
a Western blot of autophagy- and mitophagy-related proteins in total lysate and mitochondrial fraction in C2C12 cells. n = 3 biologically independent cells per group. b Expression levels of autophagy- and mitophagy-related genes by qPCR. n = 3 biologically independent cells per group. c, d Representative images of mitophagy flux by co-staining of mitochondria (Red, Mitotracker) and LC3 (green, GFP-LC3) after 6-hr CQ treatment (d) and quantification (e) of the overlapping area. Bar = 10 μm. n = 3 biologically independent cells per group. e Quantification of mtDNA/nuDNA ratio by qPCR. n = 3 biologically independent cells per group. f Expression levels of autophagy- and mitophagy-related genes in C2C12 after park2-plasmid transfection by qPCR. n = 6 biologically independent cells per group. g–i Determination of ATP contents, MMP, ROS in α-AA-treated C2C12 with park2-plasmid transfection. n = 5 biologically independent cells per group. Data presented are mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA test for multiple comparisons with Tukey’s test for post hoc corrections. Source data are provided as a Source Data File.
