Fig. 1: Genome-wide rare variant burden associations with hand grip strength.

a Rare variant burden associations with hand grip strength stratified on PTV, very damaging missense (CADD > 30), damaging missense (CADD 20–30), other missense (CADD 0–20), and synonymous variants. Associations were tested for all, LoF intolerant (pLI > 0.9) and LoF tolerant (pLI < 0.9) genes, respectively. P-values were derived from two-sided t-tests of linear regression coefficients. A Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing. No. of genes: number of genes included in each rare variant burden association test; P.adj: Bonferroni-adjusted P-values. b, c Manhattan and QQ plot of gene-based PTV-burden associations with hand grip strength. P-values were derived from two-sided t-tests of linear regression coefficients. Bonferroni and false discovery rate (FDR) correction were used to adjust for multiple testing. The Red dashed line indicates the Bonferroni significance threshold, the red circle indicates significant genes that passed the Bonferroni threshold, and orange circles indicate genes with FDR < 0.05. Source data are provided in Supplementary Data 1 and 2.