Fig. 3: KDM5B loss-of-function causes a dose-dependent reduction in hand grip strength in humans and mice.

a Normalized hand grip strength stratified for KDM5B PTV carrier status in N = 340,319 independent UK Biobank participants. Hand grip strength was normalized against standing height, then residualized on age, sex, and PCs. Z-scores were generated through inverse-rank normalization, then compared between KDM5B PTV carriers vs. non-carriers (WT). P-values were derived using two-sided t-tests. ***P = 2.86 × 10−12. b Forelimb grip strength of mice stratified on Kdm5b genotype in N = 55 biologically independent animals. FGS was normalized against femur length, then corrected for the cohort effect. Z-scores calculated from residuals were then compared across heterozygous (HET) and homozygous (HOM) Kdm5b mutant and wild-type (WT) animals. P-values were derived using two-sided t-tests. *P = 0.016; ***P = 0.0002; center line: median; box limits: upper and lower quartiles; whiskers: minimum or lower quartile minus 1.5 times IQR and maximum or upper quartile plus 1.5 times IQR; Source data are provided in the Source Data file.