Fig. 4: Nanocompartment-directed confined endogenous oxidative polymerization in living cells.

a Schematic illustration of NIR-II laser irradiation of ADPAH@AOT induced immunogenic cell death. b Relative cell viabilities of NIH-3T3 cells after treatment with ADPAH@AOT at different concentrations (n = 5). c Relative cell viabilities of 4T1 cells after treatment with ADPAH@AOT and ADPAH with or without 1064 nm irradiation for 5 min (1 W cm⁻²) (n = 4). ADPAH@AOT with laser versus ADPAH@AOT without laser: p < 0.001; ADPAH@AOT without laser versus ADPAH with or without laser: p < 0.001. d, e Immunofluorescence imaging of (d) CRT and (e) HMGB-1 in 4T1 tumor cells after treatment with ADPAH@AOT with and without 1064 nm laser irradiation at 1 W cm⁻² (n = 3). f ATP content of 4T1 cells supernatant after treatment with ADPAH@AOT with and without 1064 nm laser irradiation at 1 W cm⁻² (n = 3). ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT: p = 0.009; ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II versus NIR-II: p = 0.001; ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II versus PBS: p < 0.001. g Schematic illustration for DC maturation using a transwell system. h Flow cytometry plots and i quantitative analysis of DC maturation (CD80⁺CD86⁺) after different treatments (n = 3). ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II versus other groups: p < 0.001. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance in (c), (f) and (i) was calculated via one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test. **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.