Fig. 1: LSD1 is key mediator in OC and promotes OC progress.

a–c Representative IHC images (a) and quantification (b, c) of LSD1 protein level in human OC tissues and NATs from TMA (n = 45 paired samples). The quantification analyses were based on staining density scores of IHC (paired two-tailed t test). Scale bar, 400 μm. d, e Representative IHC images (d) and quantification (e) of LSD1 protein level in human FTE (n = 30 samples), HOSE (n = 10 samples) and OC (n = 39 samples) tissues. The quantification analyses were based on staining density scores of IHC (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). Scale bar, 50 μm. f Kaplan–Meier plot depicting overall survival of OC patients with tumors expressing high (red) or low (black) levels of LSD1 using TMA (log-rank test). g Cell growth of LSD1 knockdown cells detected by CCK8 assay compared with their control (shCtrl). Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (two-way ANOVA). h, i Representative images (h) and quantification (i) of colony formation assay for OC cells with LSD1 knockdown. Samples were normalized to shCtrl. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). j–o Tumor volume and tumor weight in shLSD1-expressing and shCtrl-expressing A2780 (j, k), SKOV3 (l, m) and ES2 (n, o) subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group for A2780 and SKOV3 xenograft models, n = 7 mice per group for ES2 xenograft models; two-way ANOVA for panels j, l, n, and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test for panels k, m, o). p–s Representative living luminescence images (p, r) and quantification of the luciferase fluorescence signal intensity (q, s) of shLSD1-expressing and shCtrl-expressing A2780 and SKOV3 intraperitoneal xenografts in nude mice. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6 mice per group for A2780 xenograft models, n = 7 mice per group for SKOV3 xenograft models; unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Source data and exact p values are provided in the Source Data file.