Fig. 3: RACS isolated strains are involved in inulin degradation.
a Experimental design. b Percentage of active cells measured by Raman microspectroscopy. The x-axis represents stool samples collected from 11 donors and incubated for 6 h in D2O-containing media in the presence of inulin. The y-axis shows the level of D incorporation of randomly selected cells, as quantified by %CD. Each dot represents a random single-cell measurement (water control: n = 76 cells, nothing added NA: n = 313 cells, donor 7: n = 35 cells, donor 8: n = 62 cells, donor 9: n = 38 cells, donor 10: n = 37 cells, donor 11: n = 35 cells, donor 12: n = 36 cells, donor 13: n = 33 cells, donor 14: n = 35 cells, donor 15: n = 48 cells, donor 16: n = 36 cells, donor 17: n = 37 cells). The red dashed line at 2.75% indicates the threshold for considering a cell labeled. It was determined by calculating the mean +3 sd of %CD in randomly selected cells from a stool sample incubated without the addition of D2O (water control). Boxplot: boxplot medians (center lines), interquartile ranges (box ranges), whisker ranges. c Percentage of cells labeled (i.e., with %CD higher than threshold) per donor. d Phylogenetic analysis of representative strains isolated with RACS (OK067598-OK067669). Representative strains were selected as unique species isolated from each donor. The tree was generated with the maximum likelihood algorithm using IQtree, with the optimal model identified by modelFinder as K2P+I+G4 and rooted at mid-point. Each color in the tree denotes the different genera isolated and each color code represented as a color strip shows the different phyla (Bacteroidetes: pink, Firmicutes: yellow, Actinobacteria: green). e Inulin degradation of RACS isolates measured as the percentage of inulin degraded by each strain after incubation in inulin-supplemented media (YCFA-IN). Strains were sampled in the early stationary phase. Donors are underlined as colored asterisks in the figure. Triplicates measurements are shown. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
