Fig. 3: Temporal and spatial variations of observed atmospheric circulation anomalies. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Temporal and spatial variations of observed atmospheric circulation anomalies.

From: Increasing tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific partly driven by warming Tibetan Plateau

Fig. 3

a Time series of the vertical wind shear (VWS) anomaly (m s-1) and its linear trend in the monsoon trough area during 1988–2018. Differences between P2 (period 2002–2018) and P1 (period 1988–2001) in (b) VWS between 200 hPa and 850 hPa (m s-1; vector; thick vectors are significant at the 0.05 level). c 500–250 hPa mean temperature (°C; shaded; the plus sign is at the 0.05 level) and 200 hPa wind (m s-1; vector). d Climate Research Unit (CRU) surface air temperature (°C; shaded; the plus sign is at the 0.05 level) and 850 hPa wind (m s-1; vector), and e longitude-height section of temperature (°C) along 32.5°−37.5° N. In c and d, “A” and “C” denote the anomalous anticyclonic and cyclonic centers, respectively, and thick vectors are at the 0.05 level; and in e light shaded areas are at the 0.05 level and the black shaded area represents topography. Dashed contours in c–d represent topography above 1500 m. All data are for July, August, and September only. a was created using R version 4.3.2 (https://www.r-project.org/). b–d were created using Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) Version 2.2.1.oga.1 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/opengrads/files/grads2/2.2.1.oga.1/). e Grid Analysis and Display System (GRADS) Version 2.0.a9.oga.1 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/opengrads/files/). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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