Fig. 6: Bovines, rabbits, and humans share a conserved centriole remodeling program.

a–a A single seminiferous tubule section showing various stages of spermatogenesis in bovines (ai), rabbits (bi), and humans (ci). The white dotted line indicates the basal lamina boundary. Throughout the paper: BL basal lamina, Sg spermatogonia, Sc spermatocyte, RS round spermatid; Es elongated spermatid, Lu lumen. Scale bars are 8 μm. Representative images of various rod proteins at various stages of spermatogenesis in bovines (aii–iv), rabbits (bii–iv), and humans (cii–iv). Scale bars are 2 μm. Quantification of total centriolar localization, including various proximal and distal centriolar proteins at various stages of sperm development in bovines (d), rabbits (e), and humans (f). The data was generated from three independent experiments. C1/2, centrioles 1 and 2; PC proximal centriole, DC distal centriole, Bt Bos Taurus (bovine), Oc Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit), Hs Homo sapiens (human), n, sample size. The two centrioles in Sg are labeled as C1 and C2 since the proximal and distal centrioles are not phenotypically distinguishable at this stage. The white arrow marks the “V”-shaped rods or filled-in “V” shape. The graphs are presented as box and whisker plots, where upper and lower bounds show interquartile range, the line within the box shows the median, and whiskers show minimum and maximum data points. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 (unpaired, two-tailed t test; exact p-values are provided in the Source Data File); ns not significant, n number of cells. Data shown are the representative images and compiled quantification from at least three independent experiments. Source data are provided in the Source Data File.