Fig. 1: Neutrophils and monocytes are increased in aGVHD lesions and blood of SR-aGVHD patients.

a Representative immunohistochemistry staining (brown) for CD3, CD14, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in intestinal tissue biopsies derived from patients with SR-aGVHD or patients with steroid responsive aGVHD, Scale bar: 100 µm. b Quantification of CD3⁺, CD14⁺ or MPO⁺ cells in intestinal tissue biopsies derived from patients with SR-aGVHD (n = 12 for CD3⁺ and CD14⁺, n = 9 for MPO⁺) versus responsive GVHD (n = 7 for CD3⁺ and CD14⁺, n = 10 for MPO⁺). Each dot represents one patient. Percentage represents positive cells / all cells (36 high power fields analyzed per sample) are shown. Plots show mean +/− SD and P-value was calculated by two-tailed unpaired student t-test. c Expression intensity of indicated markers on stochastically selected leukocytes (defined as single/CD45⁺) from healthy donors (HD, n = 12), steroid-responsive aGVHD patients (n = 10) and SR-aGVHD patients (n = 9) visualized by UMAP. d FlowSOM clustered leukocyte subsets are overlaid on the UMAP plot for each condition separately. Leukocytes were derived from healthy donors (HD, n = 12), steroid-responsive aGVHD patients (n = 10) and SR-aGVHD patients (n = 9) visualized by UMAP. e–j Frequency and absolute counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes from steroid-responsive GVHD (n = 10) and SR-aGVHD patients (n = 9). Each dot represents one patient. Plots show mean +/− SD and P-value was calculated by Mann–Whitney test. k Absolute counts of leukocytes from steroid-responsive GVHD (n = 10) and SR-aGVHD patients (n = 9). Each dot represents one patient, plots show mean +/− SD and P-value was calculated by Mann–Whitney test. l The scatter plot shows MPO⁺ cells relative to all cells in percent derived from the peripheral blood of patients with steroid-responsive aGVHD (n = 7) or SR-aGVHD (n = 12). Each dot represents one patient. Plots show mean +/− SD and P-value was calculated two-tailed unpaired student t-test.