Fig. 2: Gene cloning and genetic verification of fka1-1.
From: An ARF gene mutation creates flint kernel architecture in dent maize
a Mapping-by-sequencing of fka1-1. The fka1-1 mapping interval contains the ARFTF17 gene. Genomic sequencing reads showed a C to T mutation in the first exon of ARFTF17 in fka1-1. b RT-qPCR analysis of ARFTF17 expression in different tissues. The expression levels were normalized to that of SGT1 (Zm00001d044172). Data are mean ± s.d. (n =  3 biologically independent samples). c GFP signal of ARFTF17 expression in 12 DAP kernels of the transgenic maize line, ARFTF17pro:GFP. Scale bar, 500 μm. d Immunoblot analysis of ARFTF17 accumulation in the pericarp and endosperm of B73 and fka1-1 at 8 and 12 DAP. ACTIN was used as an internal control. e Genetic confirmation of fka1-1 by complementation of fka1-1 with other alleles and ARFTF17pro:Flag-ARFTF17. At each mutation site, blue letters indicate wild-type nucleotides, red letters indicate the mutation, and a red dash indicates missing nucleotides. Scale bar, 1 cm. Em, embryo; En, endosperm; PC, placenta-chalaza tissue; Ped, pedicel; Per, pericarp.
