Fig. 6: The in vitro osteogenic effect of SF and SF/MgO scaffolds.

a ALP staining observation and (b) ALP activities of BMSCs cultured in the extract of the SF, SF-1nMgO and SF-3nMgO scaffolds for 3, 7 and 14 days. c, d ARS staining and quantitative analysis of BMSCs cultured in extracts of the SF, SF-1nMgO and SF-3nMgO scaffolds to verify the mineralisation properties. e−h Expression levels of bone markers including Runx2, COL1, OPN and OCN of rat BMSCs were measured and normalised to the GAPDH. i Western blot results of the protein expression of Runx2, OPN, COL1 and OCN after 7 days of BMSCs culture. j Quantitative study of the grey scale of protein expression in (i). Values in (b, d, e, f, g, h, j) represent the mean ± SD. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. n = 3 cells examined three independent experiments. Source data and exact P values are provided as a Source data file. (ns: P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).