Fig. 2: Binding kinetics of VHHs to purified toxins.

Biotinylated toxins captured on streptavidin biosensors were dipped in decreasing concentrations of each of the VHHs, followed by dissociation in kinetics buffer. Binding data were fitted using a 1:1 model. The colors represent the different VHH concentrations: black is 200 nM, pink is 67 nM, green is 22 nM, dark purple is 7.4 nM, light purple is 2.5 nM, and cyan is 0.8 nM. A–C Anti-PLA2 VHHs binding PLA2N. D–F Anti-αNTx VHHs binding αNTx DH. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.