Fig. 2: Friction and wear behaviors of graphite at 300 K and 50 K in vacuum.

a Friction coefficient curves of graphite at normal of 300 K and cryogenic temperature of 50 K in vacuum. b Three-dimensional (3D) profile and wear scar depth after friction at 300 K. c 3D profile and wear scar depth after friction at 50 K, and d friction coefficient curve of graphite under alternating temperatures (300 K and 50 K) in vacuum.