Fig. 2: Development of resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with changes in anterolateral prefrontal myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) and functional connectivity (FC).
A (i) A general linear model testing the association between change in resilient psychosocial functioning scores (ResPSF) and change in MT (∆MT) revealed that adolescents who showed increasingly resilient responses to psychosocial stressors with age showed a higher rate of myelin-sensitive MT change in the anterolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC; p < 0.05, FDR corrected, 10,000 permutations; two-sided test). (ii) This effect was on average homogeneous across cortical depths. Box plots for each intra-cortical surface include t-values derived for significant regions depicted in (i), where the box is defined by minima = 25% and maxima = 75%, lines depict medians, and whiskers are defined by values 1.5 times the interquartile range. Effects were predominantly located in eulaminate cortex II and III (B). Defining the cluster identified in (A) as a seed (C), we further observed that prefrontal FC was more globally maintained (i) with increasing ResPSF. Across the cortex (ii), this effect was most prominent in default mode (DMN) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks (D; p < 0.05, FDR corrected, 10,000 permutations; two-sided test). Gray masks in functional data reflect parcels that were excluded due to low signal-to-noise ratios. In (B) and (D), white dots reflect medians, violins depict vertical kernel density plots, the minima and maxima of black boxes are defined by 25% and 75% quartiles. All results depicted here are based on n = 141 individuals. Note that line plots in Ai) and Ci) are colored with respect to increasing vs. decreasing ResPSF for visualization, but analyses were performed on continuous ResPSF scores. Kon = Konicortex, Eu-I-III = Eulaminate I-III, Dys = Dysgranular, Ag = Agranular; VAN = Ventral attention network, DAN = Dorsal attention network, SM = Sensorimotor, VIS = Visual.
