Fig. 7: RNF213 promoted Treg cell differentiation in human CD4⁺ T cells.

A, B Purified human naïve CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated under standard Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, or Treg conditions and harvested on day 5. RNF213 expression levels were detected by qPCR (A) or western blot (B). C Luciferase activity of HEK293T cells transfected with a luciferase reporter driven by the Foxp3 promoter and expressing vector alone or human FOXO1, RNF213 and RNF213ΔRING (lacking RING ___domain). D Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular human CD4⁺ T cells infected with a control retrovirus (Vector) or retrovirus expressing RNF213 or RNF213ΔRING and differentiated under standard Treg conditions. Pooled data are presented in the right panel. E QPCR analysis of Foxp3 in human CD4⁺ T cells infected with a control retrovirus (Vector) or retrovirus expressing RNF213 or RNF213ΔRING and activated with the indicated amounts of TGF-β for 3 days. F The heatmap displaying RNF213 expression is based on RNA-seq data comparing CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with or without MOG(35-55) (GSE66763). G QPCR analysis of RNF213 in human CD4⁺ cells from healthy control (HC) (n = 10) and patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 10). Data shown are the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. P values were calculated using a two-sided, unpaired Student’s t-test in (C–E), and was calculated using a paired Student’s t-test in (G). N = 3 (A–E) repeats from three independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.