Fig. 1: Design, architecture, and the process of assessing drug efficacy using an all-in-one, wireless, integrated wearable drug efficacy assessment system.

A An illustration of the process for evaluating drug efficacy using a wearable device optimized for animal experiments (left), featuring a kirigami strain-isolation mechanism of the wearable electrode (right). B Schematic anatomy of the head of a rat, showing the ___location of muscles playing pivotal roles in swallowing. C A schematic illustration of the progression of motor neuron denervation associated with the advancement of ALS. D Exploded views of the integrated wearable system, including two EMG electrodes enhanced by the perforated electrode patch, a zigzag-shaped sandwich interconnector, and a wireless circuit. E A photograph of the ultrathin wearable system seamlessly mounted on the rat. Scale bar: 10 mm.