Fig. 6: Demonstration of high spatiotemporal optical tactile recognition.

a Tactile recognition of alphabets (Scale bar, 2 mm). b Optical (left) and luminescence (right) images of fingerprints for high spatiotemporal tactile recognition (Scale bar, 2 mm). c Photograph of a golf ball (left), the dimples (right) on its surface, and luminescence images of dimples with new and used golf ball (Scale bar, 5 mm). d Optical (top), luminescence and binary images (middle), and the corresponding intensity profile (bottom) showing the threads of different types of screws. (Scale bar, 1 mm). e Luminescence (top) and 3D color map (bottom) recognition of multiple screw threads (Scale bar, 1 mm). f Extraction of braille dot features from contour maps (bottom). g Schematic diagram of a machine learning workflow for real-time braille-to-speech (BTS). h BTS test using the HELLO WORLD sentence (Scale bar, 2 mm). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.