Fig. 4: Electrochemical performances of SRL-incorporated electrodes.

a Cross-sectional SEM image of SRL-incorporated LCO cathode. b Rate capabilities of LCO cathodes having different SRL conditions (bare, SC0, SC20, SC40), cycled in a voltage range between 3 and 4.5 V. The rectangle symbols represent the coulombic efficiencies of the given condition. c Charge/discharge profiles at 0.5 C in 1st, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th cycles of the LCO cathodes with different SRL conditions. d The corresponding energy density retentions of the electrodes in (c). e Rate capabilities of the bare and SRL-incorporated LCO electrodes in 3-Ah pouch cells. f Capacity retention of the bare and SRL-incorporated LCO electrodes in 3-Ah pouch cells at 1 C having recovery cycles at 0.5 C after every 50 cycles.