Fig. 5: Parameter control and stability of EPC-EGOR.

a Conversion rates of ethylene glycol oxidized by optimal EPC and optimal CP potentials with varying Pd loading masses. All the optimal EPC conversion rates of each Pd/NF were obtained at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. The optimal EPC conversion rates of Pd/NF-1 to Pd/NF-4, Pd/NF-7 to Pd/NF-8.5, and Pd/NF-10 were obtained in the potential ranges of +0.33 V to +1.23 V, +0.33 V to +1.43 V, and +0.33 V to +1.83 V, respectively (Fig. S21). The optimal conversion rates of CP-EGOR of each Pd/NF are obtained from Fig. S20. b Conversion rate of ethylene glycol by Pd/NF-10 at different ranges of EPC potentials. c Conversion rate of Pd/NF-2 for EGOR at various scan rates within the same EPC potential range. d The conversion rates of Pd/NF-1 for EGOR under EPC (potential range: +0.63 ~ +1.28 V, scan rate: 2.0 V/s) and CP (an optimal potential of +0.93 V), respectively. Conversion rates (e) and corresponding Faradaic efficiency (FE) (f) from six EPC-EGOR tests (potential range: +0.33 ~ +1.23 V, scan rate: 0.1 V/s) using Pd/NF-2. Condition: 1 M KOH with 0.3 M EG. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.