Fig. 5: CAF® adjuvant induction of Th1 and Th17 responses and whole blood signatures differ in NHP.

A, B PBMCs from immunized Non-human primates assessed by ELISpot before and after immunizations. PBMCs were stimulated ex vivo with an overlapping H107 peptide pool for (A) IFNγ or (B) H107-protein for IL-17A production. Symbols and lines indicate individual animals (left panels), n = 5/group. Memory responses at 30 weeks post first immunization corrected for pre-immunization baseline SFC and plotted for each H107/CAF® immunized group (A, B right panels). Bars represent median ± IQR, min. and max. Symbols, individual animals, n = 5/group. P values shown from two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests. Kruskal-Wallis test (A) p = 0.038 (B) p = 0.1253. C, D Whole genome expression of immunized NHP assessed via mRNA sequencing of blood samples taken at baseline and one day after each immunization. C Principle components analysis (PCA) comparing overall gene expression of baseline (black), H107:CAF10b (red), and H107:CAF®09hi (blue) after the first (Imm.1, left) or second (Imm.2, right) immunization. symbols, individual NHP; circles, 95% confidence intervals. D Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of selected pathways. Normalized enrichment score (NES) calculated based on differential expression between imm.1 and baseline for individual animals normalized to mitigate differences of the gene set size; Kolmogorov–Smirnov-like two-tailed test with p-values adjusted by Benjamini–Hochberg method. E THP1-DualTM cells stimulated overnight with serial 2-fold dilutions of CAF® liposome formulations, from 25 µg to 3.125 µg/mL DDA, were assessed for induction of IRF-driven secreted luciferase. Bars, fold increase versus untreated cells, mean ± SD of triplicates, representative data from two similar experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.