Fig. 1: Characterization of M678F and M688F.

a FMDV particle specificity of M3F, M678F and M688F measured by double antibody sandwich ELISAs. Each plot represents the mean of A450 values from duplicate wells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b Neutralization of FMDV A/TUR/14/98 by M8F, M678F, M688F and the synergistic neutralization of M678F and M688F using plaque-reduction neutralization assay. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c, d Analysis of the simultaneous binding of M678F and M688F to FMDV through a competitive SPR assay. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. e–g Analysis of FMDV binding affinities of M678K, M688K and M3K by BLI. Sensors loaded with A/TUR/14/98 146S (e, f) or 12S (g) were incubated with concentration series of VHHs at 0 s followed by injection of PBST buffer at 300 s (e) or 600 s (f, g). The BLI response measured at different antibody concentrations (colored curves) was used for global curve fitting according to a 1:1 interaction model. The fitted curves (dotted black lines) were used to derive ka, kd and KD values. Source data of each panel are provided as a Source Data file.