Fig. 4: Proteomic alterations associated with CC tumorigenesis.

a Volcano plot depicting differentially expressed proteins between paired (n = 30) tumors and NATs (two-sided Student’s t test, BH adjusted). b Representative KEGG pathway terms for 2-fold upregulated and downregulated proteins. c Boxplot showing Log₂ FC between paired (n = 30) tumors and NATs for CC-associated proteins annotated with potential clinical utilities by the Human Protein Atlas (two-sided Student’s t test, BH adjusted P < 0.01). d Scatterplot of significant enriched GO biological processes terms in cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma based on differentially expressed proteins between their tumors and NATs. e Heatmap of the relative abundance of response to type I interferon-related proteins that were significantly upregulated between cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (two-sided Student’s t test). f Boxplots showing the expression of immune checkpoints and MHC molecules at protein level in NATs (n = 33), tumors from cervical adenocarcinoma (n = 19) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 109) (two-sided Student’s t test). g Enriched KEGG pathways for proteins that were differentially expressed among different stage. h Summary of metabolism-related proteins that were differentially expressed among stage and between tumors and NATs (two-sided Student’s t test). i–l Boxplot showing comparison of protein expression among NATs and tumors from different stage of B4GALT1 (i), DHCR24 (j), AGPS (k) and ACACA (l) (one-way ANOVA test). Kaplan-Meier curves for OS based on mRNA abundance of B4GALT1, DHCR24, AGPS, and ACACA from TCGA CC cohort (n = 291, two-sided log-rank test). Patients were stratified by the optimal cutpoint using maximally selected rank statistics (maxstat) on mRNA abundance. Boxplots in (c, f and i–l) show the median (central line), the 25–75% IQR (box limits), and the ± 1.5 × IQR (whiskers). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.