Fig. 2: Sources of individual specialization.
From: Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos)
Individual specialization accounted for 48% of the phenotypic variation in the trophic position of female brown bears in Central Sweden. Trophic position did not change with age. We determined the proportion of variance (mean of the posterior distribution) explained by different sources of individual specialization: Offspring social learning from the mother, environmental similarity, genetic heritability, maternal effects, permanent between-individual effects, and residual within-individual components.
