Fig. 8: Schematic summary illustrating the role of Endocan in GBM-VE crosstalk.

Endocan secreted by VE cells binds to PDGFRA receptor and activates downstream pathway, resulting in upregulated MYC expression and subsequent increase in GBM proliferation, radioresistance, intratumoral heterogeneity and further enhancement of angiogenesis. The figure was created in BioRender. Kornblum, H. (2024) BioRender.com/z54s425.