Fig. 4: NKAPL facilitates the release of paused Pol II at promoters.

a Predictions of intrinsic disorder of NKAPL as calculated by the VSL2 algorithm (http://www.pondr.com). b Pol II ChIP experiments with anti-total Pol II antibodies were performed in wild-type and Nkapl KO testes at P21. The average occupancy of total Pol II l along the length of genes occupied by SOX30. c Comparison of Pol II traveling ratios (the ratio between gene body and promoter-proximal polymerase) between wild-type and Nkapl KO testes. Pol II traveling ratio is defined as Pol II read density ratio between the promoter-proximal region (-80 bp to +250 bp around the transcription start site) and gene body (250 bp downstream of the TSS to the transcription end site). A higher traveling ratio value indicates a higher degree of pausing. The coverage of each region was calculated by featureCounts with the parameter ‘--fracOverlap 0.5’. The statistics by Mann-Whitney test was performed for the comparison of Pol II traveling ratios between wild-type and Nkapl KO testes. The statistics and plots were completed by customed scripts using R language. d–e Calculation of Pol II traveling ratios (the ratio between gene body and promoter-proximal polymerase) in PS (d) and RS populations (e) from wild-type and Nkapl KO. f Comparison of the binding signals of NKAPL and Pol II across genes.