Fig. 3: Entrainment layer (EL) mixing’s response to ENSO differs between central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) regions.
From: Subsurface ocean turbulent mixing enhances central Pacific ENSO
a Monthly zonal wind stress \({\tau }_{x}\) anomalies (vectors) and SST anomalies (shading) (relative to the monthly climatology over 2000–2022) averaged over the growing months (SON) of El Niño years (2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019). b The same as a, but for La Niña years (2005, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022). c The mean \({\tau }_{x}\) of SON along the equatorial band (3°S–3°N) for the aforementioned El Niño, La Niña and all years, respectively; the zonal ranges of CP (170°E–140°W) and EP (130°–110°W) as referred in the present study are marked. d Occurrence of EL mixing (\({r}_{{ELM}}\)) at 5° × 3° boxes for SON of El Niño years (2006, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019). e The same as d, but for SON of La Niña years (2007, 2010, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022). f The same as c, but for \({r}_{{ELM}}\).
