Fig. 1: Lef enhanced the efficacy of αPD1-mediated immunotherapy against melanoma progression.

A Schematic representation of the experimental design for establishing a model of PD1 inhibitors-related cardiotoxicity in mice, encompassing the administration schedule of both PD1 inhibitor (administered intraperitoneally at 250 μg/kg on alternate days) and leflunomide (given daily at 10 mg/kg). B Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining illustrates the histological features of melanoma tumor sections. C Quantification reveals the temporal evolution of melanoma tumor volume across groups (IgG control, n = 15; αPD1-treated, n = 20). D Assessment of CD4+ (red) and CD8+ (green) T lymphocyte infiltration within tumor tissues from different groups (n = 6). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc tests.