Fig. 4: Localized expression of phytoalexin biosynthesis genes in response to GMI1000.

a–c The line charts show the number of differentially expressed genes corresponding to the maturation, elongation, and meristem zones of the root atrichoblast, cortex, and endodermis, respectively. d Overview of the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. e–g Heatmap illustration of the Z-score normalized expression levels of genes from phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway and several immune or SA-related marker genes, including PBS3, MPK11, CBP60g, and SID2. h Validation of the maturation cell-specific induction pattern of CYP71A12 using its promoter-driven reporter line (pCYP71A12::YFP-NLS), roots were inoculated with mock (10 Mm MgSO4), GMI1000 or WCS417 (OD600 = 0.05) for 6 h. Images correspond to the meristematic zone (MZ), elongation zone (EZ), and maturation zone (MZ). The scale bar represents 50 μm. i Quantitative analysis of YFP signal intensities of the CYP71A12 reporter line after different treatments and from different regions. n = 6 from two independent experiments. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between means by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Box plots show the median (horizontal bar), 25th (bottoms of boxes), and 75th (tops of boxes) quartile range (QR), and non-outlier data value (upper and lower whiskers) of each index.