Extended Data Fig. 8: Phenotypes and SEM analysis of the top second leaves detached from wild-type and transgenic rice lines at flowering stage.

a, Phenotypes of the representative top second leaves detached from wild-type and transgenic rice lines (R3, R13 and R23) harboring the pHsfA2::RbcSPTP-psbA cDNA construct under field growth conditions. Three times these experiments were repeated independently with similar results. Scale bar=5 cm. b, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showing adaxial epidermal cells at maximum width of leaves detached from wild-type and transgenic rice lines (R3, R13 and R23) as shown in (a). Scale bars = 20 μm. c, Average widths of the silica-phellem blocks (SPB) were measured based on the SEM images taken from 15 top second leaves each genotype. Widths of 100 silica-phellem blocks for each genotype were measured (n=100). Bars indicate standard deviation. Individual values (black-coded dots) and means are shown. (**P value<0.01, ***P value<0.001, two-sided Student’s t test).