Fig. 5: Origin of a Cycas insecticidal protein.
From: The Cycas genome and the early evolution of seed plants
a, Phylogenetic analysis of the TcdA/TcdB pore-forming ___domain containing proteins shows that the genes encoding four cytotoxin proteins of Cycas were likely acquired from fungi through an ancient horizontal gene transfer event. The maximum likelihood tree was generated by RAxML with the PROTCATGTR model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The numbers above the branches are bootstrap support values. b, The expression level of four cytotoxin proteins in different tissues of C. panzhihuaensis. The digital expression values were normalized using the TPM method. c,d, Mortalities of Plutella xylostella (c) and Helicoverpa armigera (d) after treatment with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cytotoxin. The asterisk indicates a significant difference (two-sided Student’s t-test, P < 0.05, n = 3 biologically independent experiments), whereas the error bar represents the standard error. e,f, Morphologies of Plutella xylostella (e) and Helicoverpa armigera (f) after receiving PBS and cytotoxin treatments.
