Fig. 13: Microstructural characteristics of simulated martensitic transformation.

a Three-dimensional representation of martensite variants showing all 24 Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationships within a single prior austenite grain, colored according to variant number, (b) simulated surface relief pattern showing characteristic topographical features of martensitic transformation, and (c) local lattice rotation map showing rotation angles up to 25°, with rotations around (110) axes of ±10° and (111) axes of ±5°.