Fig. 5: Association between the TISI and the clinical response to immunotherapy.

a Association between the TISI and expression of immune-checkpoint genes. b Forest plot visualizing the HRs of univariate survival analysis of the TISI in four immunotherapy cohorts. Significance was determined using the Cox proportional hazard model. The red diamond shows the random-effects meta-analysis summary of HRs over four immunotherapy cohorts (HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.81, P = 0.0074). c Unsupervised clustering of tumors receiving ICI therapy based on the expression pattern of 36 TII-lncRNAs. d Correlation between the TISI with the immune score in the Zhao and Miao cohorts. e Kaplan–Meier survival curves of tumor patients between TISIhigh and TISIlow groups in the Zhao and Miao cohorts. f Association between TISI and ICI responses. Tumors were sorted according to their TISI. g ROC curves for ICB response for the TISI, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 in two independent immunotherapy cohorts. TISI TIL-lncRNA-derived immune state index, HRs hazard ratios, CI confidence interval, lncRNAs long noncoding RNAs, ICB immune-checkpoint blockade, PD-1 programmed cell death protein 1, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, ICIs immune-checkpoint inhibitors, ROC receiver operating characteristic.