Table 2 HR (95% CI) of Parkinson disease according to social isolation

From: Social isolation and the risk of Parkinson disease in the UK biobank study

 

Social isolation

Least isolated

Moderately isolated

Most isolated

P-trend

Cases/person-years

938/1,083,152

788/925,829

322/308,040

 

 HR (95% CI)a

1.00

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

1.23 (1.08–1.40)

0.01

 HR (95% CI)b

1.00

1.00 (0.91–1.10)

1.19 (1.05–1.36)

0.04

  1. aAdjusted for age at recruitment (continuous, years), sex (men, women), education (college or university degree, others), Townsend Deprivation Index (continuous), and ethnicity (White, others).
  2. bAdjusted for age at recruitment (continuous, years), sex (men, women), education (college or university degree, others), Townsend Deprivation Index (continuous), ethnicity (White, others), body mass index (continuous, kg/m2), alcohol intake (never or special occasions, monthly to weekly, daily), smoking status (never, past, current), sleep duration (≤6, 7–8, ≥9 hours/day), and history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (yes, no).
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