Fig. 1: Mitochondrial damage contributes to a wide range of pathologies.
From: Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders: Exploring mitochondrial transplantation
The main pathways leading to mitochondria-associated cellular dysfunction include (1) calcium overload in the matrix and mPTP pore opening, (2) cytochrome c release and activation of apoptosis, and (3) defects in mitochondrial fission and fusion affecting mitochondrial longevity. APAF1 apoptotic protease activating factor 1, ATP adenosine triphosphate, CypD cyclophilin D, cytc cytochrome c, Drp1 dynamin-related protein 1, IAPs inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, Mfn mitofusin, mPTP mitochondrial permeability transition pore, OPA optic atrophy mitochondrial fusion protein, ROS reactive oxygen species, Smac/DIABLO pro-apoptotic mitochondrial protein.
