Fig. 3: PA prevents tendon heterotopic ossification through inhibiting aberrant differentiation of TSPCs by attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages. | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 3: PA prevents tendon heterotopic ossification through inhibiting aberrant differentiation of TSPCs by attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages.

From: Parishin A-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles modulate macrophage polarization to attenuate tendinopathy

Fig. 3

a Micro-CT images of repaired tendons from PBS and PA groups at 5 weeks. b Semi-quantification of (a). Data are presented as mean ± SD. ****p < 0.0001, n = 6. c Alcian blue staining and Safranin O staining images of repaired tendons from PBS and PA groups at 5 weeks. Scale bar, 100 μm. d Immunofluorescence staining of chondrocyte markers COL II and Aggrecan in neo-tendons from PBS and PA groups at 5 weeks. Scale bar, 100 μm. e Immunohistochemical staining of IL-6 and TNF-α in neotendons from PBS and PA groups at 1 and 5 weeks. Scale bar, 100 μm. f Semi-quantification of e. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ****p < 0.0001, n = 6. g Schematic illustration of the process for inducing TSPCs chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. h RT-PCR of Il6, Il1β, Inos, and Arg1 expression in DMSO- and PA-treated BMDMs under LPS stimulation. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001, n = 3. i Alcian blue staining of TSPCs under chondrogenic differentiation for 14 days. Scale bar, 100 μm. j ARS staining of TSPCs under osteogenic differentiation for 21 days. Scale bar, 100 μm. k Western blotting of OSX and OCN in TSPCs. l Western blotting of p-mTOR in TSPCs at 7 days. m Semi-quantification of l. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, n = 3. DM means conditioned medium from DMSO-treated BMDMs under LPS stimulation; PM means conditioned medium from PA-treated BMDMs under LPS stimulation.

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