Table 4 Anti-inflammatory and anti-immunity cytokines of EPCs
From: Anti-inflammatory Prowess of endothelial progenitor cells in the realm of biology and medicine
Factor | EPC phenotype | Effect on inflammation | Involved pathway | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-10 | CD34+/CD133+ | ↑ M2 and Treg ↑ anti-inflammatory response | STAT-3 HuR/matrix metalloproteinase-9 | |
TGF-β1 | CD34+/CD133+ | ↑ Treg ↓Th17 ↑ anti-inflammatory response | Modification of inflammatory genes (Foxf1, IκB, and Brahma) | |
IL-4 | CD34+/CD133+ | ↑Th2 and M2a ↑ anti-inflammatory response | STAT6 PPARγ | |
IL-13 | CD34+ | ↑Th2 and M2a ↑ anti-inflammatory response | STAT6 PPARγ | |
TSG-6 | CD34+ | ↑ M2 and Treg | TLR/NF-κB SOCS3/STAT3 | |
sTNF-R1 | CD34+/CD133+ | ↓Th17 ↓TNF-α functions ↑ anti-inflammatory response ↑ M2 and ↓inflammatory cell infiltration | NFκB | |
NO and PGI | ECFCs | ↓platelets translocation, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation, aggregation, and adhesion to collagen | COX-2 and NO synthase |
