Fig. 1: Study design and changes in immune responses to BNT162b2 vaccine, alpha diversity, and beta diversity in breast milk. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 1: Study design and changes in immune responses to BNT162b2 vaccine, alpha diversity, and beta diversity in breast milk.

From: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition

Fig. 1

a Study design. b Immunoglobulin (Ig)A–dominant humoral response detected in the breast milk of women who received BNT162b2. c Immunoglobulin (Ig)G–dominant humoral response detected in the breast milk of women who received BNT162b2. Comparison of levels of receptor-binding ___domain (RBD)–specific IgA (B) and IgG (C) in breast milk before and after vaccination. p values were given by Paired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (two-sides) and adjusted for FDR. d Beta diversity was significantly different before and after completion of the vaccination regimen. p values were given by PERMANOVA and adjusted for FDR. e Alpha diversity based on species diversity (Chao1) pre- and post-vaccination. p values were given by linear mixed modeling adjusting by maternal age and time interval between two doses of vaccination (two-sided). f Alpha diversity based on species diversity (Shannon) pre- and post-vaccination. p values were given by linear mixed modeling adjusting by maternal age and time interval between the two vaccine doses (two-sided). g Venn diagram showing the trajectory of differential species between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. The differential species were identified by the LEfSe (LDA score >1.5 and p value < 0.05). Elements on boxplots: centre line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5×IQR.

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