Extended Data Fig. 6: Live mitochondrial imaging reveals oscillations in mitochondrial membrane potential.
From: Electro-metabolic coupling in multi-chambered vascularized human cardiac organoids
a, Immunofluorescent micrograph of mitochondrial membrane potential measured using live imaging of TMRE dye (Supplementary. Video 2; methods). b, Kinetic analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using TMRE. The mitochondrial membrane potential of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes oscillates in the frequency of contraction. The mitochondrial membrane potential of non-beating cells did not oscillate and was lower overall. Rainbow heatmaps of (c) mean mitochondrial membrane potential and (d) major oscillating frequency of (MMP) measured using TMRE (methods). The heatmaps suggest a correlation between areas with high mean mitochondrial membrane potential and oscillation frequency. e, Immunofluorescent micrograph of mitochondrial membrane potential measured using live imaging of JC-1 dye (Supplementary. Video 3; methods). f, Kinetic analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential following aggregation of JC-1 dye. Mitochondrial membrane potential showed distinct polarization peaks in contracting cells, while non-beating cells did not oscillate and show lower mitochondrial membrane potential overall. Rainbow heatmaps of (g) mean mitochondrial membrane potential and (h) major oscillating frequency of (MMP) measured using JC-1 (methods). Similar to the behaviour measured by TMRE, JC-1 heatmaps suggest a correlation between areas with high mean mitochondrial membrane potential and oscillation frequency. Scale bar, 25 μm.
