Extended Data Fig. 6: Pacemaker model experiment forced by the positive AMV SSTs.
From: North Pacific subtropical mode water is controlled by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability

In the Atlantic Ocean, observed SST trend (unit in oC/36 yr) from 1979-2014 was added in the modelled mixed layer temperature in the restoring forcing. In the other areas, the mixed-layer temperature was restored to the model climatology. Then the climate response to the restored ocean temperature was calculated by the difference between the Pacemaker experiment and a control experiment, in which the mixed-layer temperature was restored to the model climatology.