Extended Data Fig. 4: Scatterplot of Rb, Sr, and Zr measurements for the Shiyu obsidian artefacts and obsidian sources across Eastern Asia.
From: Initial Upper Palaeolithic material culture by 45,000 years ago at Shiyu in northern China
a-c, comparison of trace element (Rb, Sr, and Zr) content for four obsidian artefacts from Shiyu with volcanic glass sources in China and Far East Siberia71,72. d, the four obsidian lithics from Shiyu. Comparison of trace elements (Rb, Sr, and Zr) for four obsidian artefacts from Shiyu and volcanic glass sources in northeast China and Far East Siberia indicate that the source of artefact SY-315 is located in the Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Artefacts SY-56, SY-316. SY-226 derive from Gladkaya, Far East Siberia. The Shiyu specimens markedly differ from samples in Tibet (NE Obsidian A, B, C and SW Obsidian A, B.)72. The ‘A1, A2, A3 source of Changbai Mountain’ set consists of data from 27, 18, 14 specimens respectively; the ‘Russian basaltic and Gladkaya’ set consists of data from 82 and 22 specimens respectively; the ‘Jiutai, Laoheishan and Jingpohu’ set consists of data from 7, 14 and 11 specimens respectively; the ‘NE Obsidian A, NE Obsidian B, NE Obsidian C, SW Obsidian A and SW Obsidian B’ set consists of data from 9, 1, 3, 28 and 7 specimens respectively. The reference data are from 13 different areas from within and external to China, with 243 specimens forming the background data.
