Fig. 1: Treatment effects on learning outcomes.
From: Experimental evidence on learning using low-tech when school is out
Data are presented as treatment effects relative to the control group ±95% confidence intervals. Full statistical results for the treatment effects are presented in Table 1. Effects are expressed in terms of standard deviations for comparable units. Each colour bar represents a distinct learning question. ‘Average level’ reports skill on the ASER 0 to 4 scale corresponding to no operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (n = 2,815). ‘Place value’ refers to a distinct place value problem (n = 2,881) and ‘Fractions’ refers to a distinct question asking students to solve a fractions problem (n = 2,751). Each group—‘SMS only’, ‘Phone + SMS’, ‘Not targeted’ and ‘Targeted’—refer to randomized treatment groups pooled across the designated category.
