Fig. 5: Sample size and sampling strategy for reported associations.
From: A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy
a, Sample size vs sampling methods for variables of trust, knowledge, participation, exposure and expression. Each dot represents one measurement, colour coded according to the direction of the reported association. b, Sample size vs sampling method for variables of hate, polarization, populims, network homophily and misinformation. c, More detailed breakdown for the same varibales as in a of sampling methods and their respective counts of reported associations and their direction. d, Breakdown of sampling methods and counts of associations for the same variables as in b.
