Fig. 1: Research design. | Nature Human Behaviour

Fig. 1: Research design.

From: Investigating the impact of poverty on mental illness in the UK Biobank using Mendelian randomization

Fig. 1

β1 is the association between the genetic variants and the exposure of interest (MR relevance assumption), i is the potential violation of the MR independence assumption, p is the potential pleiotropic effect of the genetic variants on the outcome (that is, violation of the MR exclusion restriction assumption) and β2 is the causal association of interest. Created with BioRender.com.

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